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The History And Methodolgy Of Hanging Scroll Art

The art of hanging scrolls is a traditional Oriental art form. In Chinese it is called a li'zho'u, and in Japanese the art is called kakemono. Both titles loosely translate into "hanging object". They are generally used to display calligraphy, gyotaku fish prints, or shaded ink paintings. Hanging scrolls are a unique form of displaying art that can easily be transported and stored.
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Although the hanging scroll is associated with Japanese art, it is said to have originated during the T'ang dynasty in China. (600-800 A.D.). In early China Buddhist missionaries carried these scroll paintings to inspire converts to their religion. The scroll mounting technique allowed them to carefully transport precious art for long distances. When Buddhism was introduced to Japan, the hanging scroll was simultaneously introduced.
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Hanging scrolls first came to Japan in the Heian period. During this time they often featured Buddhist images, calligraphy or poetry. Later during the Muromachi period, new themes quickly began to emerge such as landscapes, birds, flowers, and portraits. During this dynasty the hanging scroll quickly became an intricate part of the tea ceremony. By the time the Kamakura dynasty was underway, the hanging scroll had become an established form of in Japanese art.

The art of scroll mounting is complex and can involve years of training. In Japan one will become an apprentice for approximately 10-15 years before becoming a practitioner of the art form. During the first few years the apprentice will stick to the basic tasks of cutting paper and joining the backing sheets with Zen Shofu (wheat paste). Only after much training, practice and many years, can one consider themselves a master of scroll mounting.

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Much of the apprentice's learning consists of understanding the basic makeup of the hanging scroll piece.
In early Asia the hanging scrolls were generally printed on silk cloth and bamboo strips., and today most prints are created using cloth, silk, or washi (Japanese paper). The pigments often consist of Sumi ink or acryllic paints. The construction of a scroll mount often involves the layering different papers. The majority of Washi paper is made from the mulberry, mitsumata and gampi fibres. The mulberry is favoured because of its fibre's length and suppleness. In Japan paper that is made during the winter months are considered of a higher quality, since the keeps cold, allowing the fibre's to tighten and compact.

Today scroll mounted art can be found in galleries and import stores across the globe. Most pieces are still based around the traditional Asian techniques, while some reflect a unique form of highlighting and framing a modern artists work. The scroll mount has also become a unique way to frame gyotaku (Japanese fish print art)